A fever above 38°, C is a common complication in the first few days after major surgery. Drug-induced fever is the most common cause of fever among the noninfectious causes of postoperative fever. Antimicrobial drugs and heparin, widely used for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after major orthopedic surgery, are the drugs most commonly associated with postoperative fever. This case study, showing that enoxaparin may be the drug responsible for unexplained fever, may help significantly reduce patient morbidity and the additional costs of investigating the underlying causes of fever. At this stage, the approaches of the clinical pharmacist to provide counseling services to the patient and the healthcare professional in the treatment of medications, the detection of side effects of medications and the suggestion of a solution are important.

Introduction: The patient's perception of postoperative medical advice effectively affects treatment outcomes. Some factors, including education level, patient-physician communication, and financial limitations, can affect the patient's perception. This study assessed the patient’s perception of medical recommendations after orthopedic surgery. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who referred for postoperative follow-up visit during the first half of 2022. Two separate questionnaires, for patients' and companions' questions and a surgeon's recommendations form, were designed and were asked to patients and their companions 10 minutes after finishing the visit. Education level, marital status, and city of residence were assessed among the samples. Also, the data were analyzed by R software. Results: Literacy level was significantly related to patient perception (P-value = 0.004). In 15.9%, neither the patient nor the companions understood the surgeon’s recommendations (Kapa Coefficient = 0.34). Conclusion: Perception of the post-surgical recommendations at the postoperative follow-up is important in the final outcomes of orthopedic surgery. The patient's literacy level can affect the patient's perception.

Context: Prolotherapy is a popular injection-based complementary treatment, which hasshownpromising results in the treatment of sprained and degenerated ligaments, and damaged dense connective tissues’ structures. More research was conducted in this area and many authors declared successful results for different indications. Evidence Acquisition: The purpose of this study was to present a literature review regarding the current concepts of prolotherapy injections and improvements in the orthopedic clinical care practice. The Medline and PubMed databases were searched for the articles related to prolotherapy injections in the field of orthopedic surgery and additionally the reference list of each article was also included to provide a comprehensive evaluation. Results: Numerous studies have been conducted on prolotherapy injections for different indications for orthopedics clinical care practice. Prolotherapy injections have successfully used for major orthopedic procedures in terms of rotator cuff lesions, knee ligamentous lesions, osteoarthritis-cartilage defects, and ligament-tendon injuries. Most of the studies showed that prolotherapy provided faster and better healing of tissues. Conclusions: There is a great interest to prolotherapy in orthopedic clinics, especially to manage musculoskeletal lesions. More research conducted in this area and many authors declared successful results in their studies. In spite of this increasing trend for prolotherapy injections, there were only one or two clinical studies investigated prolotherapy injections for different indications and most of them have limited participants, short-term follow-up or poor quality studies. There is still need for further high-quality studies investigated optimal strategy of the injections of prolotherapy.

This article reviews the most recent information on the orthopedic surgical treatment of locomotor system injuries in various anatomical areas: shoulder, hip, knee and ankle injuries. It summarizes the results of recent major studies published in the last three years (2020-2022) on sports injuries of the shoulder, hip, knee and ankle.